NIVEL DE RIESGO DE APNEA OBSTRUCTIVA DEL SUEÑO Y LA PRESENCIA DE FATIGA EN UNIVERSITARIOS.
Palabras clave:
trastornos del sueño, apnea, fatiga, estudiantes.
Resumen
Introducción: el síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño es un trastorno, caracterizado por el colapso parcial o total de la vía aérea lo cual produce descenso en la saturación de oxígeno sanguínea, 1000 millones de personas en el mundo lo padecen, en México uno de cada cuatro adultos tiene elevada probabilidad de padecerlo. Estas personas tienen alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares, deterioro cognitivo, somnolencia y fatiga, incrementado su tasa de mortalidad, alrededor del 80% no se encuentran diagnosticados, la obesidad es su principal factor de riesgo. Objetivo: describir el nivel de riesgo de síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño y la presencia de fatiga en universitarios. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal. La muestra estuvo integrada por 288 estudiantes universitarios del área de salud, la recolección de datos se aplicó el cuestionario de Berlín y la Escala de impacto de la fatiga modificado y en el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El 68% fueron mujeres, 34% tuvo sobrepeso y obesidad, 60% pertenecían a la carrera de médico cirujano y las horas de sueño promedio fueron de 6.8. El riesgo obtenido para síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño fue del 13% y el 25% padecía fatiga. Conclusiones La proporción de fatiga fue diferente entre los universitarios que tenían alto y bajo riesgo de síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño, por lo que es necesario implementar estrategias de higiene del sueño.
Citas
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12. Wharton S, Lau DC, Vallis M, Sharma AM, Biertho L, Campbell D, et al. Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2020;192:E875–91.
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14. Malhotra G, Eckmann DM. Anestesia para cirugía bariátrica. In España: Elsevier; 2021. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/
15. De Nunzio G, Conte L, Lupo R, Vitale E, Calabrò A, Ercolani M, et al. A New Berlin Questionnaire Simplified by Machine Learning Techniques in a Population of Italian Healthcare Workers to Highlight the Suspicion of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Med. 2022;9.
16. Panahi L, Udeani G, Ho S, Knox B, Maille J. Review of the management of obstructive sleep apnea and pharmacological symptom management. Medicina (B Aires). 2021;57.
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18. Huimin C, Zhenzhen Z, Riken C, Yu Z, Nanhong L, Jinru Z, et al. A meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of NoSAS in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep and Breathing. 2022;26:519–31.
19. Xishi S, Zhenzhen Z, Riken C, Huili H, Wei L, Min P, et al. The influence of sex on anthropometric methods and four scales for screening obstructive sleep apnea. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2022;49:634–43.
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22. Jorquera J, Sanchez P. Fenotipos clínicos en el síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño. REV MED CLIN CONDES. 2021;32:554–60.
23. Bernhardt L, Brady EM, Freeman SC, Polmann H, Réus JC, Flores-Mir C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of screening questionnaires for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults in different clinical cohorts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep and Breathing. 2022;26:1053–78.
24. Gallego SV, Nodarse TH, Gallego YA, Alfonso Á de la T, Consuegra D. Un acercamiento a los trastornos del sueño en estudiantes de Medicina. Medicent Electró [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Mar 29];24:682–90. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30432020000300682&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
25. Zhang L, Zheng H, Yi M, Zhang Y, Cai G, Li C, et al. Prediction of sleep quality among university students after analyzing lifestyles, sports habits, and mental health. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13.
26. Ding J, Guo X, Zhang M, Hao M, Zhang S, Tian R, et al. Development and validation of mathematical nomogram for predicting the risk of poor sleep quality among medical students. Front Neurosci. 2022;16.
27. Hwa-Yen C, Kun-Ta C, Kang-heng S, Fang-Chi L, Yung-Yang L, Tsu-Hui S, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea in young Asian adults with sleep-related complaints. Sci Rep. 2022;12.
28. Ononye T, Nguyen K, Brewer E. Implementing protocol for obstructive sleep apnea screening in the primary care setting. Appl Nurs Res. 2019;46:67–71.
29. Pasha S. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Should We Do It? Curr Pulmonol Rep. 2019;8:22–9.
30. Velasco-Rojano E, Duarte-Ayala RE, Riveros-Rosas A, Sánchez-Sosa JJ, Reyes-Lagunes LI. Validación de la Escala de Gravedad de Fatiga en Población General de la Ciudad de México. Evaluar. 2017;17.
31. Madan JV. The prevalence of sleep loss and sleep disorders in young and old adults. Aging Brain. 2023;3:1–13.
32. Pennings N, Golden L, Yashi K, Tondt J, Bays HE. Sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and other obesity-related sleep disorders: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. Obesity Pillars. 2022;4:100043.
33. Xia Y, Liang C, Kang J, You K, Xiong Y. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity Are Associated with Hypertension in a Particular Pattern: A Retrospective Study. Healthcare (Switzerland). 2023;11.
34. Santos ER dos, Silva JHC da, Lima AMJ, Studart-Pereira LM. Prevalence of predictive factors for obstructive sleep apnea in university students. Sleep Science. 2022;15:234–8.
35. Suardiaz-Muro M, Morante-Ruiz M, Ortega Moreno M, Ruiz MA, Martín-Plasencia P, Vela-Bueno A. Sueño y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios: revisión sistemática. Rev Neurol. 2020;71:43.
36. Khassawneh BY, Alkhatib LL, Ibnian AM, Khader YS. The association of snoring and risk of obstructive sleep apnea with poor academic performance among university students. Sleep and Breathing. 2018;22:831–6.
37. Yassin A, Al-Mistarehi AH, Beni YO, Aleshawi AJ, Momany SM, Khassawneh BY. Prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students and their association with poor academic performance: A cross-sectional study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2020;58:124–9.
38. Piro RS, Alhakem SSM, Azzez SS, Abdulah DM. Prevalence of sleep disorders and their impact on academic performance in medical students/University of Duhok. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2018;16:125–32.
39. Al-Sebaei MO, Bamashmous MS, Mirdad MH, Sindi MA. Prevalence of patients at risk for developing obstructive sleep apnea based on the STOP-BANG questionnaire at King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry. Clin Exp Denta Res. 2022;198–203.
40. Noorshama P, Arti P. Consequences and factors associated with OSA: a brief review. Biol Rhythm Res [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Feb 13];54:1–40. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09291016.2022.2054558
41. Peña MC, Lorenzi-Filho G. Síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño y sus consecuencias cardiovasculares. REV MED CLIN CONDES. 2021;32:561–9.
42. Al Shammari M, Al Amer N, Al Mulhim S, Al Mohammedsaleh H, AlOmar R. The quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness and their association with academic achievement of medical students in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med. 2020;27:97.
43. Liu S, Xi HT, Zhu QQ, Ji M, Zhang H, Yang BX, et al. The prevalence of fatigue among Chinese nursing students in post-COVID-19 era. PeerJ. 2021;9.
44. Kuo HJ, Huang YC, García AA. Fatigue, Pain, Sleep Difficulties, and Depressive Symptoms in Mexican Americans and Chinese Americans with Type 2 Diabetes. J Immigr Minor Health. 2020;22:895–902.
45. Sajadi SA, Farsi Z, Rajaei N, Seyed Mazhari M, Habibi H. Sleep quality and the factors affecting the fatigue severity and academic performance of students at AJA University of Medical Sciences. 2018 [cited 2023 Dec 29];1:6–10. Available from: https://jamed.ir/article-1-32-fa.html
46. Sunil S, Sharma MK, Amudhan S, Anand N, John N. Social media fatigue: Causes and concerns. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2022;68:686–92.
47. Machado MO, Kang NC, Tai F, Sambhi RDS, Berk M, Carvalho AF, et al. Measuring fatigue: a meta‐review. Int J Dermatol. 2021;60:1053–69.
48. Becerra MB, Gumasana RJ, Mitchell JA, Truong JB, Becerra BJ. COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Sleep and Mental Health Disparities among Students at a Hispanic and Minority-Serving Institution. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:6900.
49. Eleftheriou A, Rokou A, Arvaniti A, Nena E, Steiropoulos P. Sleep Quality and Mental Health of Medical Students in Greece During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health. 2021;9.
2. Hwang M, Nagappa M, Guluzade N, Saripella A, Englesakis M, Chung F. Validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire as a preoperative screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol [Internet]. 2022;22:366. Available from: https://bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12871-022-01912-1
3. Alvarado M, Oyonarte R. Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño y el Rol del Ortodoncista. Revisión bibliográfica. Int J Inter Dent [Internet]. 2021;14:242–5. Available from: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2452-55882021000300242&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
4. Hirani R, Smiley A. A Scoping Review of Sleep Apnea: Where Do We Stand? Life. 2023;13:387.
5. Lyons MM, Bhatt YN, Pack IA, Magalang UJ. Global burden of sleep-disordered breathing and its implications. Respirology. 2020;25:690–702.
6. Salazar-Arenas J, Amado-Garzón SB, Ruiz-Gaviria R, Ruiz-Morales ÁJ, Ruiz-Severiche LJ, Hidalgo-Martínez P. Obstructive sleep apnoea / hypopnoea syndrome and its relationship with cardiac arrhythmias. A narrative review of the literature. Vol. 26, Rev Colomb Cardiol. Elsevier B.V.; 2019. p. 93–8.
7. Guerrero-Zúñiga S, Gaona-Pineda EB, Cuevas-Nasu L, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Reyes-Zuñiga M, Shamah-Levy T, et al. Prevalence of sleep symptoms and risk of obstructive sleep apnea in Mexico. Salud pública Méx. 2018;60:347–55.
8. Xia Y, Liang C, Kang J, You K, Xiong Y. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity Are Associated with Hypertension in a Particular Pattern: A Retrospective Study. Healthcare. 2023;11.
9. Ingo F, Naima L, Anne O, Ralf E, Felix SB, Garcia C, et al. Prevalence and association analysis of obstructive sleep apnea with gender and age differences - Results of SHIP-Trend. J Dormir Res [Internet]. 2019;28:e12770. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsr.12770
10. Shneerson J, Wright JJ. Lifestyle modification for obstructive sleep apnoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2001;2010. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD002875
11. Siobhán C, Leah H, Sinéad S. Examining the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and eating behaviours and attitudes: A systematic review. Appetite [Internet]. 2023;181:106390. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195666322004810
12. Wharton S, Lau DC, Vallis M, Sharma AM, Biertho L, Campbell D, et al. Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2020;192:E875–91.
13. Barquera S, Hernández-Barrera L, Trejo B, Shamah T, Campos-Nonato I, Rivera-Dommarco J. Obesidad en México, prevalencia y tendencias en adultos. Ensanut 2018-19. Salud Publica Mex [Internet]. 2020;62:682–92. Available from: https://www.saludpublica.mx/index.php/spm/article/view/11630
14. Malhotra G, Eckmann DM. Anestesia para cirugía bariátrica. In España: Elsevier; 2021. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/
15. De Nunzio G, Conte L, Lupo R, Vitale E, Calabrò A, Ercolani M, et al. A New Berlin Questionnaire Simplified by Machine Learning Techniques in a Population of Italian Healthcare Workers to Highlight the Suspicion of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Med. 2022;9.
16. Panahi L, Udeani G, Ho S, Knox B, Maille J. Review of the management of obstructive sleep apnea and pharmacological symptom management. Medicina (B Aires). 2021;57.
17. Lyons MM, Bhatt NY, Pack AI, Magalang UJ. Global burden of sleep‐disordered breathing and its implications. Respirology. 2020;25:690–702.
18. Huimin C, Zhenzhen Z, Riken C, Yu Z, Nanhong L, Jinru Z, et al. A meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of NoSAS in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep and Breathing. 2022;26:519–31.
19. Xishi S, Zhenzhen Z, Riken C, Huili H, Wei L, Min P, et al. The influence of sex on anthropometric methods and four scales for screening obstructive sleep apnea. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2022;49:634–43.
20. Borsoi L, Armeni P, Donin G, Costa F, Ferini-Strambi L. The invisible costs of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Systematic review and cost-of-illness analysis. Chen TH, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2022;17:e0268677. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268677
21. Lonia L, Scalese M, Rossato G, Bruno G, Zalunardo F, De Stefani A, et al. Validity of the stop‐bang questionnaire in identifying osa in a dental patient cohort. Medicina (B Aires). 2020;56:1–7.
22. Jorquera J, Sanchez P. Fenotipos clínicos en el síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño. REV MED CLIN CONDES. 2021;32:554–60.
23. Bernhardt L, Brady EM, Freeman SC, Polmann H, Réus JC, Flores-Mir C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of screening questionnaires for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults in different clinical cohorts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep and Breathing. 2022;26:1053–78.
24. Gallego SV, Nodarse TH, Gallego YA, Alfonso Á de la T, Consuegra D. Un acercamiento a los trastornos del sueño en estudiantes de Medicina. Medicent Electró [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Mar 29];24:682–90. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30432020000300682&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
25. Zhang L, Zheng H, Yi M, Zhang Y, Cai G, Li C, et al. Prediction of sleep quality among university students after analyzing lifestyles, sports habits, and mental health. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13.
26. Ding J, Guo X, Zhang M, Hao M, Zhang S, Tian R, et al. Development and validation of mathematical nomogram for predicting the risk of poor sleep quality among medical students. Front Neurosci. 2022;16.
27. Hwa-Yen C, Kun-Ta C, Kang-heng S, Fang-Chi L, Yung-Yang L, Tsu-Hui S, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea in young Asian adults with sleep-related complaints. Sci Rep. 2022;12.
28. Ononye T, Nguyen K, Brewer E. Implementing protocol for obstructive sleep apnea screening in the primary care setting. Appl Nurs Res. 2019;46:67–71.
29. Pasha S. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Should We Do It? Curr Pulmonol Rep. 2019;8:22–9.
30. Velasco-Rojano E, Duarte-Ayala RE, Riveros-Rosas A, Sánchez-Sosa JJ, Reyes-Lagunes LI. Validación de la Escala de Gravedad de Fatiga en Población General de la Ciudad de México. Evaluar. 2017;17.
31. Madan JV. The prevalence of sleep loss and sleep disorders in young and old adults. Aging Brain. 2023;3:1–13.
32. Pennings N, Golden L, Yashi K, Tondt J, Bays HE. Sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and other obesity-related sleep disorders: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. Obesity Pillars. 2022;4:100043.
33. Xia Y, Liang C, Kang J, You K, Xiong Y. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity Are Associated with Hypertension in a Particular Pattern: A Retrospective Study. Healthcare (Switzerland). 2023;11.
34. Santos ER dos, Silva JHC da, Lima AMJ, Studart-Pereira LM. Prevalence of predictive factors for obstructive sleep apnea in university students. Sleep Science. 2022;15:234–8.
35. Suardiaz-Muro M, Morante-Ruiz M, Ortega Moreno M, Ruiz MA, Martín-Plasencia P, Vela-Bueno A. Sueño y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios: revisión sistemática. Rev Neurol. 2020;71:43.
36. Khassawneh BY, Alkhatib LL, Ibnian AM, Khader YS. The association of snoring and risk of obstructive sleep apnea with poor academic performance among university students. Sleep and Breathing. 2018;22:831–6.
37. Yassin A, Al-Mistarehi AH, Beni YO, Aleshawi AJ, Momany SM, Khassawneh BY. Prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students and their association with poor academic performance: A cross-sectional study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2020;58:124–9.
38. Piro RS, Alhakem SSM, Azzez SS, Abdulah DM. Prevalence of sleep disorders and their impact on academic performance in medical students/University of Duhok. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2018;16:125–32.
39. Al-Sebaei MO, Bamashmous MS, Mirdad MH, Sindi MA. Prevalence of patients at risk for developing obstructive sleep apnea based on the STOP-BANG questionnaire at King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry. Clin Exp Denta Res. 2022;198–203.
40. Noorshama P, Arti P. Consequences and factors associated with OSA: a brief review. Biol Rhythm Res [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Feb 13];54:1–40. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09291016.2022.2054558
41. Peña MC, Lorenzi-Filho G. Síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño y sus consecuencias cardiovasculares. REV MED CLIN CONDES. 2021;32:561–9.
42. Al Shammari M, Al Amer N, Al Mulhim S, Al Mohammedsaleh H, AlOmar R. The quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness and their association with academic achievement of medical students in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med. 2020;27:97.
43. Liu S, Xi HT, Zhu QQ, Ji M, Zhang H, Yang BX, et al. The prevalence of fatigue among Chinese nursing students in post-COVID-19 era. PeerJ. 2021;9.
44. Kuo HJ, Huang YC, García AA. Fatigue, Pain, Sleep Difficulties, and Depressive Symptoms in Mexican Americans and Chinese Americans with Type 2 Diabetes. J Immigr Minor Health. 2020;22:895–902.
45. Sajadi SA, Farsi Z, Rajaei N, Seyed Mazhari M, Habibi H. Sleep quality and the factors affecting the fatigue severity and academic performance of students at AJA University of Medical Sciences. 2018 [cited 2023 Dec 29];1:6–10. Available from: https://jamed.ir/article-1-32-fa.html
46. Sunil S, Sharma MK, Amudhan S, Anand N, John N. Social media fatigue: Causes and concerns. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2022;68:686–92.
47. Machado MO, Kang NC, Tai F, Sambhi RDS, Berk M, Carvalho AF, et al. Measuring fatigue: a meta‐review. Int J Dermatol. 2021;60:1053–69.
48. Becerra MB, Gumasana RJ, Mitchell JA, Truong JB, Becerra BJ. COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Sleep and Mental Health Disparities among Students at a Hispanic and Minority-Serving Institution. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:6900.
49. Eleftheriou A, Rokou A, Arvaniti A, Nena E, Steiropoulos P. Sleep Quality and Mental Health of Medical Students in Greece During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health. 2021;9.
Publicado
2025-12-30
Sección
Artículo de Investigación
Derechos de autor 2025 Revista Mexicana de Enfermería Cardiologica
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